The Myelin Project is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 1989 by Augusto Odone and his wife, Michaela. Their son, Lorenzo, suffered from adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), the most common of the leukodystrophies. The story of the Odones' struggle was dramatized in the 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil.

The Myelin Project has three branches in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The Myelin Project's scientific advisory committee includes researchers from Yale University and the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità and San Raffaele Hospital in Italy, the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière and the Institute Pasteur in France, Queen's University at Kingston in Canada, the University of Cambridge and University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom, and the Max-Planck-Institut in Germany.